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| partner = | children = | parents = | relatives = Letty Aronson | awards = See Awards and Nominations | signature = Woody Allen signature.svg | website = }} Heywood "Woody" Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg,〔 December 1, 1935) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker and playwright, whose career spans more than 50 years. He worked as a comedy writer in the 1950s, writing jokes and scripts for television and publishing several books of short humor pieces. In the early 1960s, Allen began performing as a stand-up comedian, emphasizing monologues rather than traditional jokes. As a comedian, he developed the persona of an insecure, intellectual, fretful nebbish, which he maintains is quite different from his real-life personality.〔Gross, Terry (2009–12). "(Woody Allen: Blending Real Life With Fiction )". ''Fresh Air''. Retrieved April 7, 2012.〕 In 2004, Comedy Central〔(Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of all Time ). Everything2 (April 18, 2004). Retrieved May 4, 2012.〕 ranked Allen in fourth place on a list of the 100 greatest stand-up comedians, while a UK survey ranked Allen as the third greatest comedian. By the mid-1960s Allen was writing and directing films, first specializing in slapstick comedies before moving into dramatic material influenced by European art cinema during the 1970s, and alternating between comedies and dramas to the present. He is often identified as part of the New Hollywood wave of filmmakers of the mid-1960s to late 1970s. Allen often stars in his films, typically in the persona he developed as a standup. Some best-known of his over 40 films are ''Annie Hall'' (1977), ''Manhattan'' (1979), and ''Hannah and Her Sisters'' (1986). Critic Roger Ebert described Allen as "a treasure of the cinema." Allen has been nominated 24 times and won four Academy Awards: three for Best Original Screenplay and one for Best Director (''Annie Hall''). He has more screenwriting Academy Award nominations than any other writer, and has won nine British Academy of Film and Television Arts Awards. Allen performs regularly as a jazz clarinetist at small venues in Manhattan. In 2011, PBS televised the film biography, ''Woody Allen: A Documentary'', on the ''American Masters'' TV series.〔 ==Early life== Allen was born Allan Stewart Konigsberg〔 in the Bronx, and was raised in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Nettie (born Cherry; November 8, 1906 – January 27, 2002), a bookkeeper at her family's delicatessen, and Martin Konigsberg (December 25, 1900 – January 8, 2001), a jewelry engraver and waiter.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woody Allen Biography (1935–) )〕 His family was Ashkenazi Jewish; his grandparents immigrated from Russia and Austria, and spoke Yiddish, Hebrew, and German.〔 His parents were both born and raised on the Lower East Side of Manhattan.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The religion of Woody Allen, director and actor )〕 Allen has a sister, Letty, who was born in 1943; they were raised in Midwood, Brooklyn. His childhood was not particularly happy: his parents did not get along, and he had a rocky relationship with his stern, temperamental mother. Allen spoke German quite a bit in his early years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Religious Affiliation of Woody Allen, Influential Director and Actor )〕 He would later joke that when he was young he was often sent to inter-faith summer camps, where he "was savagely beaten by children of all races and creeds."〔 While attending Hebrew school for eight years, he went to Public School 99 (now the Isaac Asimov School for Science and Literature) and to Midwood High School.〔The principal of P.S. 99 was Mrs. Eudora Fletcher; Allen has used her name for characters in several of his films.〕 At that time, he lived in an apartment at 968 East 14th Street.〔Woody Allen visits the house in (Weide's documentary )〕 Unlike his comic persona, he was more interested in baseball than school and his strong arms ensured he was first to be picked for a team.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105400872 )〕 He impressed students with his extraordinary talent at card and magic tricks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Woody Allen : Comedian Profile )〕 To raise money he wrote jokes (or "gags") for agent David O. Alber, who sold them to newspaper columnists. At the age of 17, he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen〔(Woody Allen ) at ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.〕 and later began to call himself Woody Allen. According to Allen, his first published joke read: "Woody Allen says he ate at a restaurant that had O.P.S. prices – over people's salaries." He was then earning more than both parents combined.〔 After high school, he attended New York University, studying communication and film, before dropping after failing the course "Motion Picture Production". He later briefly attended City College of New York and soon flunked out. Later, he learned via self-study rather than in the classroom.〔 He eventually taught at The New School. He also studied with writing teacher Lajos Egri.〔 His status before the Selective Service System was "4-F", a medical deferment,〔(Woody Allen )〕 although he later claimed his actual status was "4-P", hostage.〔(Woody Allen - Standup Comic )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Woody Allen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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